# Spam & fraud – Nummernindex

> One-ring calls, scam calls, spoofed caller IDs: tactics and defences.

- [One-Ring Scam in Germany: Why Calling Back Costs You](https://nummernindex.de/en/spam-and-fraud/one-ring-scam-germany/): A one-ring scam, also called Wangiri or ping call, is a call from an unknown, usually foreign number that rings once and hangs up so you call back. The callback goes to an expensive number, often with recorded messages that keep you on the line. Do not call back, block the number and report it with date, time and displayed number.
- [Caller ID Spoofing in Germany: Fake Numbers on Your Screen](https://nummernindex.de/en/spam-and-fraud/caller-id-spoofing-germany/): Caller ID spoofing means a caller makes your phone display a number that is not theirs. Since December 2022 German networks must drop calls showing 110, 112 or premium numbers and hide German numbers on calls arriving from abroad. Spoofing still happens, so never trust a displayed number alone. Hang up and call back on a number you looked up yourself.
- [Fake Police Call Scam in Germany: How to Spot It](https://nummernindex.de/en/spam-and-fraud/fake-police-call-scam/): In Germany, fraudsters call pretending to be police officers, Europol or a relative after an accident, and demand cash, gold or bank transfers. German police never ask for money on the phone and never collect or store valuables. Hang up immediately, call the person or authority on a number you already know, and dial 110 if anything feels wrong.
- [Missed Call From a German Number: Who Called and Is It Safe?](https://nummernindex.de/en/spam-and-fraud/missed-call-german-number/): Look at the digits after +49 first. 30, 40, 89 or similar two- to five-digit codes are landlines, 15x, 16x and 17x are mobiles, 180, 137 and 900 are special-rate services. Landline and mobile callbacks cost your normal rate, special numbers can be expensive. Germany has no public register of number owners, so without a voicemail you rarely learn who called.

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